UK money rules, explained
Clear, in-depth guides to the UK rules that affect your money, written the way we’d explain them to a friend. Every calculator comes with its own guide, with worked examples, charts and links to the official sources.
ARTICLES
In-depth articles
The 2026 overtime and tips deductions explained with worked examples: who qualifies, the $12,500 and $25,000 caps, the income phase-out, and the taxes you still pay.
Read guide · 8 October 2026Business · 11 min readSelf-employed expenses in 2026/27: what you can claim and what it savesWhat sole traders can claim as allowable expenses in 2026/27, the flat rates for mileage and working from home, the £1,000 trading allowance, and worked tax savings.
Read guide · 8 October 2026Tax & Salary · 8 min readIs salary sacrifice worth it? What it really saves in 2026/27Salary sacrifice cuts Income Tax, NI and student loan repayments. Worked 2026/27 examples for pensions, Cycle to Work and other schemes, and the catches.
Read guide · 7 October 2026Tax & Salary · 7 min readMarriage Allowance in 2026/27: who gains £252, and how to claim four years backA low earner can pass £1,260 of Personal Allowance to a basic rate spouse, worth up to £252 a year. Who qualifies, when it does not pay, and how to backdate.
Read guide · 7 October 2026Tax & Salary · 9 min readThe £100,000 tax trap: why a pay rise can cost you 62% and how to keep moreEarn £100,000 to £125,140 and you lose your Personal Allowance and childcare help. What that costs in 2026/27, and how pension contributions win it back.
Read guide · 6 October 2026Students · 9 min readPlan 2 vs Plan 5 student loans: what you will actually repayPlan 2 vs Plan 5 for 2026/27: thresholds, interest and write-off compared with lifetime projections, and when overpaying your student loan helps or wastes money.
Read guide · 6 October 2026Property · 9 min readBuying your first home in 2026/27: the real cost, from deposit to monthly paymentsStamp Duty relief, deposit, legal fees, surveys and mortgage payments for first-time buyers in England, Scotland and Wales, worked through for a £350,000 home.
Read guide · 6 October 2026Tax & Salary · 8 min readHow UK take-home pay works in 2026/27: a plain-English guideIncome Tax, National Insurance, the Personal Allowance and the hidden 60% trap: what comes out of your salary in 2026/27, with a worked example.
Read guide · 20 May 202620 GUIDES
Tax & salary guides
Understand your payslip and what you take home.
Salary & Take-Home guide
See exactly what lands in your bank after Income Tax, NI and pension.
Read the guideTax Bracket Checker guide
See your Income Tax band by band and what a pay rise actually costs.
Read the guidePro Rata Salary guide
Convert a full-time salary to part-time hours.
Read the guideHourly to Salary Converter guide
Turn an hourly rate into an annual gross figure.
Read the guideEmergency Tax guide
Estimate refunds from BR / K / 0T tax codes.
Read the guideBonus Tax guide
See what a one-off bonus is really worth after tax.
Read the guideOvertime guide
Work out time-and-a-half and double-shift pay.
Read the guideTax Code Decoder guide
What does 1257L, BR or NT actually mean on your payslip?
Read the guideNational Insurance guide
Class 1, 2 and 4 NI — explained without the jargon.
Read the guideScottish Income Tax guide
The six-band Scottish system, calculated cleanly.
Read the guideP45 & P60 Explainer guide
Field-by-field breakdown of your payroll documents.
Read the guideStatutory Sick Pay (SSP) guide
Check your minimum SSP entitlement.
Read the guideRedundancy Pay guide
Statutory pay based on age and length of service.
Read the guideHoliday Entitlement guide
Statutory holiday days, pro-rated for any working pattern.
Read the guideMinimum Wage Checker guide
Are you being paid at least the current UK minimum?
Read the guideIR35 Take-Home guide
Inside vs outside IR35 contractor income.
Read the guideReverse Take-Home guide
The salary you need for the take-home pay you want.
Read the guidePay Rise guide
What a pay rise adds to your take-home after tax.
Read the guideSalary Sacrifice guide
What a pension, bike or other sacrifice really costs.
Read the guideMarriage Allowance guide
Transfer £1,260 of allowance and save up to £252 a year.
Read the guide19 GUIDES
Mortgages & property guides
Plan the cost of buying, owning or renting a home.
Stamp Duty (England & NI) guide
SDLT on your next home, including the additional-property surcharge.
Read the guideLBTT (Scotland) guide
Scottish Land and Buildings Transaction Tax, by band.
Read the guideLTT (Wales) guide
Welsh Land Transaction Tax for residential purchases.
Read the guideFirst-Time Buyer guide
Stamp Duty relief and zero-tax thresholds.
Read the guideBuy-to-Let Yield guide
Gross and net yields on rental investments.
Read the guideMortgage Repayment guide
Monthly payments, interest vs capital, over the full term.
Read the guideMortgage Overpayment guide
How much time and interest can you save?
Read the guideMortgage Affordability guide
How much could a UK lender offer you?
Read the guideRent vs Buy guide
Compare years of rent against a mortgage and house growth.
Read the guideShared Ownership guide
Mortgage + rent on the share you don't own.
Read the guideProperty Capital Gains Tax guide
CGT on a second home or sold investment property.
Read the guideCouncil Tax Bands Lookup guide
Find your band and typical bill by postcode.
Read the guideSingle Person Council Tax Discount guide
Apply the 25% solo-occupant rebate.
Read the guideRent a Room Scheme guide
How much can you earn tax-free from a lodger?
Read the guideMoving House Budget guide
Surveys, legal fees, removals — the full picture.
Read the guideRent Increase Checker guide
Is your rent rise legal, and what will it cost you?
Read the guideTenancy Deposit Return guide
The deposit cap, fair deductions and what you should get back.
Read the guideRemortgage guide
What a new deal saves after fees and charges.
Read the guideEarly Repayment Charge guide
Your mortgage ERC, free overpayments and when to switch.
Read the guide16 GUIDES
Freelance & business guides
Make sense of business taxes, income and costs.
Sole Trader Tax guide
Self-employed Income Tax and Class 4 NI.
Read the guideCorporation Tax guide
Small and main rate, with marginal relief.
Read the guideDividend vs Salary Optimiser guide
Find the tax-efficient split for company directors.
Read the guideVAT guide
Add or remove VAT at 20%, 5% or 0% — instantly.
Read the guideFlat Rate VAT guide
Compare standard vs flat-rate VAT for your trade.
Read the guideCIS Deduction guide
Construction Industry Scheme net pay after deductions.
Read the guideBusiness Mileage guide
HMRC-approved mileage rates for cars and bikes.
Read the guideAllowable Expenses Checker guide
Quick check on what's actually deductible.
Read the guideEmployer NI guide
True cost of hiring including secondary Class 1.
Read the guideGross Profit Margin guide
Margins, markups and break-even from your numbers.
Read the guideRetail Markup guide
Hit a target price or margin from a cost.
Read the guideBreak-Even guide
Find your business break-even volume.
Read the guideSmall Business Rates Relief guide
Check business-rates eligibility by rateable value.
Read the guidePayment on Account Estimator guide
Predict your Self-Assessment January and July bills.
Read the guideVAT Threshold Checker guide
Rolling turnover against the £90,000 threshold.
Read the guideFreelancer Day Rate guide
The day rate you need for the take-home you want.
Read the guide15 GUIDES
Pensions & investing guides
Explore your savings, investments and retirement.
Compound Interest guide
Project investment growth over years and decades.
Read the guideISA vs GIA Comparison guide
How much tax does an ISA actually save?
Read the guideCapital Gains Tax (Assets) guide
CGT on shares and other assets above the allowance.
Read the guideDividend Tax guide
Tax on dividends beyond the allowance.
Read the guideWorkplace Pension guide
Employer + employee auto-enrolment contributions.
Read the guidePension Tax Relief guide
How much tax relief you actually get back.
Read the guideState Pension Age Lookup guide
When can you claim your State Pension?
Read the guideInflation Impact guide
What your savings are really worth in 10 years.
Read the guideFIRE guide
When could you retire early? Uses the 4% rule.
Read the guideSavings Interest guide
Fixed vs easy-access savings, compared after tax.
Read the guidePersonal Savings Allowance guide
How much tax you pay on savings interest.
Read the guideJunior ISA guide
What saving for a child could grow to by 18.
Read the guidePension Drawdown guide
How long your pension pot lasts in drawdown.
Read the guideAnnuity guide
The guaranteed income your pension pot could buy.
Read the guidePremium Bonds Return guide
Expected vs guaranteed savings returns.
Read the guide25 GUIDES
Family & benefits guides
Check support for your family and everyday life.
Universal Credit Estimator guide
Estimate your monthly Universal Credit award.
Read the guideUC Earnings Taper guide
How much UC you lose for every £ you earn.
Read the guideChild Benefit guide
Weekly Child Benefit by number of children.
Read the guideHigh Income Child Benefit Charge guide
Clawback above £60,000 — explained.
Read the guideMaternity Pay guide
SMP across the 39-week period.
Read the guidePaternity Pay guide
Statutory paternity pay entitlement.
Read the guideShared Parental Leave guide
Split leave and pay between two parents.
Read the guideTax-Free Childcare guide
Up to £2,000/year per child top-up — see your match.
Read the guideFree Childcare Hours Checker guide
15 or 30 free hours — eligibility by age and income.
Read the guidePIP Points Self-Check guide
Daily living + mobility scores against thresholds.
Read the guideCarer's Allowance Earnings Check guide
Stay within the weekly limit to keep your claim.
Read the guidePension Credit Estimator guide
Top-up for low-income pensioners.
Read the guideAttendance Allowance guide
Help with care costs for over-65s.
Read the guideBenefit Cap Checker guide
Is your household above the cumulative cap?
Read the guideLocal Housing Allowance guide
LHA rates by property size and region.
Read the guideHousing Benefit guide
Weekly help with rent for pensioners and supported housing.
Read the guideCouncil Tax Reduction guide
Means-tested help with your council tax bill.
Read the guideBenefits Eligibility Checker guide
See which benefits you are likely to get, in one go.
Read the guideNew Style JSA guide
Jobseeker's Allowance from your National Insurance record.
Read the guideNew Style ESA guide
Employment and Support Allowance if illness limits work.
Read the guideChild Maintenance guide
What the Child Maintenance Service formula says is due.
Read the guideChildcare Costs guide
What childcare costs after funded hours and top-ups.
Read the guideAdoption Pay guide
Statutory Adoption Pay week by week.
Read the guideSure Start Maternity Grant guide
The £500 grant, or Scotland's Best Start Grant.
Read the guideUC Advance Repayment guide
What a Universal Credit advance takes from each payment.
Read the guide11 GUIDES
Vehicles & transport guides
Work out the cost of your car and your commute.
Car Tax (VED) guide
Annual road tax by emissions and list price.
Read the guideCompany Car Benefit-in-Kind guide
BIK tax on a company vehicle.
Read the guideEV Salary Sacrifice guide
Net cost of an electric car through your payroll.
Read the guideFuel Cost per Journey guide
Cost of a trip from distance, MPG and fuel price.
Read the guidePetrol vs EV Running Cost guide
Compare per-mile costs of petrol, diesel and EV.
Read the guideCommuter Cost Comparison guide
Rail season ticket vs driving the same route.
Read the guideClean Air Zone Charge guide
Daily charges in ULEZ, CAZ and similar schemes.
Read the guideMOT History Checker guide
Look up MOT history via the DVSA service.
Read the guideDriving Licence at 70 guide
What to do when your licence needs renewing.
Read the guideSORN Declaration guide
Take your vehicle off the road, the right way.
Read the guideCar Finance guide
PCP and hire purchase payments and total cost.
Read the guide11 GUIDES
Students & education guides
Understand student finance and loan repayments.
Plan 1 Student Loan guide
Pre-2012 loan repayments.
Read the guidePlan 2 Student Loan guide
Post-2012 loan repayments.
Read the guidePlan 4 Student Loan guide
Scottish student loan repayments.
Read the guidePlan 5 Student Loan guide
Post-2023 loans with the 40-year write-off.
Read the guidePostgraduate Loan guide
Repayments on a Master's or Doctoral loan.
Read the guideMaintenance Loan Estimator guide
Support based on household income.
Read the guideCost of a Degree guide
Fees, loans, interest and what you will really repay.
Read the guideSAAS Funding guide
Scottish bursary and student loan by household income.
Read the guideWelsh Student Finance guide
Learning Grant and Maintenance Loan for Welsh students.
Read the guideStudent Budget guide
Will your loan cover rent and living costs?
Read the guideStudent Council Tax Exemption guide
Who counts as a full-time student — and who doesn't.
Read the guide13 GUIDES
Everyday life guides
Useful calculations for the things life brings.
Percentage guide
Add, subtract or compare percentages — fast.
Read the guideTimesheet Decimal Converter guide
Convert hh:mm worked into decimal hours.
Read the guideBMI guide
Your body mass index against the healthy-weight ranges.
Read the guideDays Between Dates guide
Calendar and working days between two dates, with UK bank holidays.
Read the guidePro-Rata Rent guide
Daily rent for a broken move-in month.
Read the guideInheritance Tax guide
IHT on an estate, with the nil-rate band.
Read the guideProbate Fees guide
Application costs based on the estate.
Read the guideCare Home Means Test guide
Will the state cover any of your care costs?
Read the guideNHS Prescription Saver guide
Is a Prepayment Certificate cheaper for you?
Read the guideHealthy Start Vouchers guide
Eligibility for free vouchers and vitamins.
Read the guideBank Holidays guide
Working days excluding bank holidays in your region.
Read the guideRight to Rent Checker guide
Documents landlords must check.
Read the guidePower of Attorney Fees guide
Application fees and process overview.
Read the guide